Standard-Bearers of Equality

America’s First Abolition Movement

By Paul J. Polgar

352 pp., 6.125 x 9.25, 16 halftones, 2 tables, notes, index

  • Hardcover ISBN: 978-1-4696-5393-8
    Published: December 2019
  • E-book EPUB ISBN: 978-1-4696-5394-5
    Published: November 2019
  • E-book PDF ISBN: 979-8-8908-5888-7
    Published: November 2019

Published by the Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture and the University of North Carolina Press

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Published by the Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture and the University of North Carolina Press

Awards & distinctions

Finalist, 2020 Harriet Tubman Book Prize, Lapidus Center for the Historical Analysis of Transatlantic Slavery

Paul Polgar recovers the racially inclusive vision of America's first abolition movement. In showcasing the activities of the Pennsylvania Abolition Society, the New York Manumission Society, and their African American allies during the post-Revolutionary and early national eras, he unearths this coalition's comprehensive agenda for black freedom and equality. By guarding and expanding the rights of people of African descent and demonstrating that black Americans could become virtuous citizens of the new Republic, these activists, whom Polgar names "first movement abolitionists," sought to end white prejudice and eliminate racial inequality. Beginning in the 1820s, however, colonization threatened to eclipse this racially inclusive movement. Colonizationists claimed that what they saw as permanent black inferiority and unconquerable white prejudice meant that slavery could end only if those freed were exiled from the United States. In pulling many reformers into their orbit, this radically different antislavery movement marginalized the activism of America's first abolitionists and obscured the racially progressive origins of American abolitionism that Polgar now recaptures.

By reinterpreting the early history of American antislavery, Polgar illustrates that the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries are as integral to histories of race, rights, and reform in the United States as the mid-nineteenth century.

About the Author

Paul J. Polgar is assistant professor of history at the University of Mississippi.
For more information about Paul J. Polgar, visit the Author Page.

Reviews

“Polgar . . . here seeks to expand the breadth, depth, and length of what he terms “the first abolition movement”. . . . In accentuating the first movement abolitionist program’s contributions, Polgar underscores the degree to which those who supported “gradualist” antislavery helped set the free North and slave South on the tortured road to civil war that ultimately abolished slavery and provided a blueprint for equal rights and citizenship for black Americans during Reconstruction and in 20th-century civil rights campaigns.”—CHOICE

"With analytic subtlety as well as deep archival research, Polgar reveals how relatively privileged northern whites worked closely with blacks. . . . and shows that they required fearless, imaginative, and resolute political activism to overcome powerful proslavery interests."—Sean Wilentz, New York Review of Books

“Polgar has provided a useful analysis of the complexities of the abolitionist and colonization movements in the early republic. Deeply researched and capacious in its use of both primary and secondary sources, Standard-Bearers of Equality is a painful reminder of a moment in America’s history of slavery and racism and of paths and opportunities not taken.”—Journal of Ecclesiastical History

“Polgar successfully uncovers the aims and efforts of an earlier abolition movement whose significance was obscured by the push for immediate abolition. . . . [W]orth a read by anyone seeking to understand how an organized abolition movement emerged in the United States and how this movement envisioned and enacted its goals in response to the forces it encountered.”—H-Nationalism

“An original contribution to the growing field of scholarship related to abolition in the North. . . . [A] fresh take on a topic of increasingly important historical value to scholars of the mid-Atlantic, the North, and New Jersey.”—New Jersey Studies

"This is the best book on the first wave of abolition in the early American Republic, period. Through meticulous research and careful analysis, Paul Polgar challenges long-standing generalizations and misreadings of what he calls 'first movement abolitionism.' A long-awaited and valuable reassessment of revolutionary abolitionism, this book will endure." —Manisha Sinha, University of Connecticut