Seeing Red

Indigenous Land, American Expansion, and the Political Economy of Plunder in North America

By Michael John Witgen

384 pp., 6.125 x 9.25, 16 halftones, 8 maps, appends., index

  • Paperback ISBN: 978-1-4696-7777-4
    Published: August 2023
  • E-book EPUB ISBN: 978-1-4696-6485-9
    Published: December 2021
  • E-book PDF ISBN: 979-8-8908-6071-2
    Published: December 2021

Published by the Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture and the University of North Carolina Press

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Published by the Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture and the University of North Carolina Press

Awards & distinctions

Finalist, 2023 Pulitzer Prize in History

2023 James A. Rawley Prize, Organization of American Historians

2023 Caughey Western History Prize, Western History Association

2023 State History Award in the Books: University & Commercial Press Category, Historical Society of Michigan

Against long odds, the Anishinaabeg resisted removal, retaining thousands of acres of their homeland in what is now Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota. Their success rested partly on their roles as sellers of natural resources and buyers of trade goods, which made them key players in the political economy of plunder that drove white settlement and U.S. development in the Old Northwest. But, as Michael Witgen demonstrates, the credit for Native persistence rested with the Anishinaabeg themselves. Outnumbering white settlers well into the nineteenth century, they leveraged their political savvy to advance a dual citizenship that enabled mixed-race tribal members to lay claim to a place in U.S. civil society. Telling the stories of mixed-race traders and missionaries, tribal leaders and territorial governors, Witgen challenges our assumptions about the inevitability of U.S. expansion. 

Deeply researched and passionately written, Seeing Red will command attention from readers who are invested in the enduring issues of equality, equity, and national belonging at its core.

About the Author

Michael John Witgen (Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Ojibwe) is professor in the Department of History and the Center for the Study of Ethnicity and Race at Columbia University.
For more information about Michael John Witgen, visit the Author Page.

Reviews

"[A] searing account. . . . [Witgen's] incisive and deeply researched study lays bare the mechanisms of this historical land grab."—Publishers Weekly

"An important analysis of Indigenous resistance to U.S. colonialism in the lands that would become Michigan and Wisconsin during the first half of the nineteenth century."—Civil War Book Review

"An important work that draws together multiple threads that have all too often remained stubbornly disparate in the field of early American history. Witgen's "political economy of plunder" model achieves something simultaneously noteworthy and quite difficult. . . . Witgen makes the unthinkable imaginable, and even tangible, to his audience."—H-Early-America

“A critical story of survivance. . . . This book joins a growing body of literature by Indigenous scholars and others working to rightly account for the Indigenous history of North America.”—Early American Literature

Seeing Red is a must read for those seeking to understand more fully the nature of this American nation and the ongoing power of its colonial enterprise.”—Indiana Magazine of History

“Witgen’s narrative in Seeing Red offers a nuanced exploration of the complex networks, alliances, and cultural dynamics that defined the Native peoples who inhabited the vast Great Lakes region . . . [and] intertwines personal stories, humanizing the experience of Indigenous history.”—William and Mary Quarterly